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肠道的肌肉和分泌腺受交感神经和副交感神经的双重支配。小肠的交感神经来自胸髓第五至十一节;而副交感神经则由迷走神经所供给。结肠的交感神经来自胸髓第十一节至腰髓第四节;近侧端结肠半段的副交感神经来自骶髓第二至四节。一般交感神经对肠道的作用是抑制肠道的运动和分泌机能;而副交感神经的作用却相反,增强肠道的运动和分泌机能。
Intestinal muscle and secretory glands are dominated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Sympathetic small intestine from the fifth to eleventh sections of the chest; parasympathetic nerve by the vagus nerve supply. Sympathetic colon from the eleventh section of the thoracic spinal cord to the fourth quarter of the spinal cord; proximal colonic half of the parasympathetic sacral spinal cord from the second to the fourth. The general sympathetic effect on the intestine is to inhibit intestinal motility and secretory function; while the role of parasympathetic on the contrary, enhance intestinal motility and secretory function.