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当代世界经济发展进程中,出现了空前的人口增长。世界人口从1800年的近10亿增至1930年的20亿,倍增时间用了130年;二战以后,到1975年,世界人口达40亿,倍增时间下降到45年。到80年代的中期,世界人口高达50亿。而据联合国最为乐观的估计,到本世纪末,世界人口将达61亿。世界人口的迅速增长主要发生在发展中国家。发达国家的年人口增长率由50年代初的1.3%降至80年代中期的0.6%;而同期发展中国家则为2%,70年代的前5年甚至高达2.5%。目前,世界人口年增长量的88%出现在发展中国家。与此相对应,发展中国家占世界人口的比重从1950年的70%上升到1980年的76%,到2000年估计将达80%。
In the process of economic development in the world today, unprecedented population growth has emerged. The world’s population increased from nearly 1 billion in 1800 to 2 billion in 1930, doubling the time taken by 130 years. By World War II, by 1975, the world’s population reached 4 billion, doubling the time to 45 years. By the mid-1980s, the world’s population was as high as 5 billion. According to the most optimistic estimate by the United Nations, by the end of this century, the world’s population will reach 6.1 billion. The rapid growth of the world’s population occurs mainly in developing countries. The annual population growth rate in developed countries dropped from 1.3% in the early 1950s to 0.6% in the mid-1980s, compared with 2% in developing countries over the same period and as high as 2.5% in the first five years of the 1970s. At present, 88% of the annual increase in the world’s population occurs in developing countries. Correspondingly, the share of developing countries in the world’s population rose from 70% in 1950 to 76% in 1980 and an estimated 80% in 2000.