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1864年2月,普鲁士、奥地利联军发动了对丹麦的战争。在对这场战争性质的评价问题上,国内学术界大都认为这是一次王朝战争,是普鲁士统一德国的一个步骤。①有的学者甚至认为,由于丹麦的民族主义者企图吞并石勒苏益格——荷尔斯泰因才导致了这场战争的爆发。②笔者认为,上述观点是片面的,甚至是错误的。这场战争实质上是普、奥发动的对丹麦的侵略战争,对丹麦来说,则具有民族自卫战争的性质,因此不能单纯地把它归结为王朝战争。
February 1864, Prussia, the Austrian coalition launched a war on Denmark. In evaluating the nature of this war, most of the domestic academic circles think this is a dynastic war and a step toward Prussia’s reunification with Germany. ① Some scholars even believe that the outbreak of the war was caused by Danish nationalists’ attempt to annex the Schleswig-Holstein cause. ② The author believes that the above point of view is one-sided, or even wrong. The war was essentially a general one. The war on aggression launched by Austria against Denmark was denied to the dynastic war by Denmark for the nature of a war of national self-defense.