直肠癌是我国最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,发病率为29.07/10万,在恶性肿瘤中排名第3位,死亡率为7.25/10万,在恶性肿瘤中排名第5位~([1])。目前手术是直肠癌最主要的治疗手段。Ⅱ~Ⅲ期病人手术后的5年生存率<70%。局部复发是治疗失败的主要表现,15%~35%的pT_3N_0M_0病人在直肠癌 Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract in China with an incidence rate of 29.07 per 100 000. It ranks the 3rd in malignant tumors with a mortality rate of 7.25 per 100 000 and ranks the fifth in malignant tumors. 1]). The current surgery is the most important treatment of rectal cancer. The 5-year survival rate of patients with stage Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ surgery was less than 70%. Local recurrence is the main failure of treatment, 15% to 35% of patients with pT_3N_0M_0 in rectal cancer