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当前,由于互联网规模急剧增长,IPv4地址枯竭问题日益严重,IPv4向IPv6过渡的问题十分紧迫。然而IPv6与IPv4不兼容,在IPv4向IPv6过渡时期,IPv4与IPv6网络共存,带来了IPv4-IPv6互联与穿越等基本需求。对此,目前国际上提出了许多过渡方案。这些技术方案针对不同的网络场景、用户的需求和过渡阶段提出,其技术思想也不尽相同。本文根据IPv6过渡技术特点以及国际研究进展,分类介绍了现阶段比较成熟的过渡关键技术,希望能为读者提供一些借鉴价值。
At present, due to the rapid growth of the Internet scale and the worsening of IPv4 address exhaustion, the issue of the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is very urgent. However, IPv6 is incompatible with IPv4. In the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, IPv4 and IPv6 networks coexist, which brings about the basic requirements of IPv4-IPv6 interconnection and traversal. To this end, many international transition plans have been put forward. These technical solutions for different network scenarios, the needs of users and the transitional phase proposed, the technical ideas are not the same. Based on the characteristics of IPv6 transition technology and international research progress, this paper presents a relatively mature transitional key technology at this stage, hoping to provide readers with some reference value.