分析了激光击穿水介质时的能量分布情况,给出了相应的能量计算方法。构建了研究激光击穿水介质能量分布的实验系统,利用高速摄像机对激光击穿水介质过程中的冲击波辐射、空泡脉动等现象进行了记录,得到了冲击波速度以及空泡尺寸等参数。利用水听器对远场声波信号进行了测量。研究结果表明:激光击穿水介质的过程中,大部分激光能量转换成了冲击波和空泡能量,两者占到的比例为60%~90%;激光能量的改变对激光击穿水介质的能量分布影响不大;当激光会聚角增加时,冲击波和空泡能量变大,同时透射激光能量减小。 The energy distribution when the laser penetrates the aqueous medium is analyzed, and the corresponding energy calculation method is given. The experimental system for studying the energy distribution of laser breakdown water medium was constructed. The phenomena of shock wave radiation and bubble pulsation during laser breakdown of water medium were recorded by using high-speed camera. The parameters of shock wave velocity and void size were obtained. Far-field acoustic signals were measured using hydrophone. The results show that most of the laser energy is converted into shock wave and cavitation energy in the process of laser breakdown of aqueous medium, accounting for 60% -90% of the total laser energy. The change of laser energy affects the laser breakdown of water medium When the angle of convergence increases, the energy of shock wave and cavity increases, and the energy of transmitted laser decreases.