文章依据机械波的实质即机械波是介质质点的运动,以及运动与力的关系,说明机械波的传播具有方向性;利用惠更斯——菲涅尔原理和介质中质点间的连结作用说明机械波的传播具有扩展性.在这两个思想观点上,深入分析研究入射波在界面激发产生的力的方向状态的不定性,从而证明在界面反射波、折射波(透射波)产生和传播不存在固定、唯一的规则:1一方向的入射波在界面产生的反射波、折射波(透射波)是一定大小角范围的区域,在这波区域中,波的传播有一个主要的方向,即主波;2主波方向,不仅与入射波的方向有关,也决定于界面的性状.相同入射角,不同界面性状,反射波、折射波(透射波)的主波方向不同;3反射波、折射波(透射波)的扩展性传播和主波方向随界面性状的不确定性,使一定性状的平整界面,反射波有多同相轴的特点,最先的同相轴对应最短或较短的路径;性状不一或不平整的界面,反射波会有较弱的同相轴和排列、强度都不规则、杂乱的后续波;4产生沿界面传播的折射波不只有一方向的入射波,只要有足够的击发能量和一定的界面条件,就可能产生折射波,所以折射波存在着“阶次性”.因为反射波、折射波(透射波)传播的不规则性特点,所以,用唯一规则来判断探测目标体,就会产生偏差.本文给出了反射波、折射波“最短路径”的观点,由“最短路径”计算判断目标体应更接近实际.但“最短路径”在不同入射角范围内是有所差异的.在较小的入射角范围内,“最短路径”的反射波、折射波接近于垂直地面或垂直地面;随入射角的增大,“最短路径”的反射波、折射波的出射角有所增大.因此,在勘探工程中,计算判断目标体,应随入射角的增大,适当调整反射波、折射波出射角的量值.波传播与质点的运动和力的关系,在一定意义上也说明了地震勘探击发的方式和能量与波形式的关系. According to the essence of mechanical wave, mechanical wave is the motion of medium particle and the relation between motion and force, which shows that the propagation of mechanical wave has the directionality. The transmission of mechanical wave is explained by the Huygens-Fresnel principle and the connection between the particles in the medium In view of these two points of view, the indeterminacy of the direction and direction of the force generated by the incident wave excitation at the interface is deeply analyzed, so that there is no fixed reflection and propagation of refracted wave (transmitted wave) at the interface, The only rule is that the reflected waves (refracted waves) generated at the interface by incident waves in one direction are regions of a certain angular range. In this wave region, there is one main direction of wave propagation, namely the main wave; 2 The main wave direction is not only related to the direction of the incident wave but also depends on the characteristics of the interface. The main wave directions of the same incident angle, different interface properties, reflected wave and refracted wave (transmitted wave) are different. 3 Reflected wave, refracted wave The propagation of the transmitted wave and the uncertainty of the interface with the main wave direction make the smooth interface and the reflected wave of a certain trait have the characteristics of multiple isoforms. The first one has the shortest or shortest correspondence Path; trait or uneven interface, the reflected wave will have weaker events and arrangements, the intensity of irregular, clutter follow-up wave; 4 produced along the interface of the refracted waves not only in one direction of the incident wave, as long as With enough firing energy and certain interface conditions, refracted waves are likely to occur, so the refracted waves are “orderly.” Because of the irregular nature of reflected and refracted waves (transmitted waves) The only rule to judge the detection target, there will be deviation.This paper gives the viewpoints of reflected wave and refraction wave “shortest path ”, and the judgment of the target body should be closer to the reality by “shortest path The shortest path ”is different in the range of different angles of incidence. In the range of smaller angles of incidence, the reflections of“ shortest path ”are close to the vertical or vertical ground; Therefore, in the exploration project, the calculation of the judgment object should be with the incident angle increases, the appropriate adjustment of the reflected wave, refracted wave emission The magnitude of the angle. The wave propagation is related to the particle’s movement and force at a certain point Righteousness and also illustrates how the relationship between energy and wave form of the firing of seismic exploration.