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目的分析四川省民族地区5岁以下儿童死因分布状况及接受医疗保健情况,为制定预防措施以及政府部门决策提供依据。方法对2012年四川省民族地区上报的1 437例5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡进行统计分析。结果 2012年四川省民族地区5岁以下儿童死亡中以婴儿死亡为主(占82.60%);5岁以下儿童死亡前5位死因分别为肺炎、早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、腹泻、其他呼吸系统疾病;感染性疾病死因和可避免死因分别占43.96%、66.46%;民族地区死亡儿童的出生地点和死亡地点以家中为主,一半左右的死亡儿童死前未接受治疗。结论发展民族地区经济及卫生,预防和控制感染性疾病和可避免死因,提高住院分娩率及儿童保健服务质量,可进一步减少民族地区儿童死亡的发生。
Objective To analyze the distribution of death causes and medical conditions of children under 5 years of age in ethnic minority areas of Sichuan Province and provide evidences for making preventive measures and making decisions for government departments. Methods A statistical analysis was carried out on the death report cards of 1,437 children under 5 years of age reported in the minority areas of Sichuan Province in 2012. Results The deaths of children under 5 years old in Sichuan ethnic minority areas were mainly death (82.60%) in 2012; the top 5 deaths among children under 5 years old were pneumonia, premature birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, diarrhea and other respiration Diseases and infectious diseases accounted for 43.96% and 66.46% respectively of the causes of death and avoidable causes of death. In the minority areas, the place of birth and the place of death of the children who died in ethnic areas were mainly from their families. About half of the dead children were not treated before their death. Conclusion The development of economy and health in minority areas, the prevention and control of infectious diseases, the avoidance of causes of death, the improvement of hospital delivery rate and the quality of child health services can further reduce the incidence of child deaths in minority areas.