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目的了解上海市闸北区5~15岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的患病率特征及其影响因素。方法采用一般情况调查表和注意缺陷及多动症状调查表对上海市闸北区5~15岁儿童进行整群-分层抽样调查。共回收有效问卷9 900份,以美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第4版ADHD的诊断标准对可疑患儿及其家长进行诊断性访谈,将ADHD患者分为注意缺陷为主型(ADHD-I)、多动-冲动为主型(ADHD-HI)和混合型(ADHD-C),并分析ADHD的影响因素。结果 ADHD患病率为4.6%,其中ADHD-I型为2.4%,ADHD-HI型为0.4%,ADHD-C型为1.8%。男童患病率为6.6%,女童患病率为2.7%,男女患病率之比为2.41∶1。各年龄组ADHD各型的患病率存在差异,7~10岁组患病率最高(6.3%)。外地户籍儿童的患病率高于本市户籍儿童患病率。父母间的不同文化程度和人均月收入水平比较,其儿童的ADHD患病率差异有统计学意义。儿童月龄、性别及母亲低文化程度(初中及以下)是ADHD患病的影响因素。结论 ADHD-I型发病率高,7~10岁组患病率最高,儿童月龄、性别及母亲低文化程度影响ADHD患病率。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 ~ 15 years in Zhabei District of Shanghai. Methods A total sample of stratified and stratified children from 5 to 15 years old in Zhabei District of Shanghai was enrolled in the questionnaire of general conditions and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) questionnaires. A total of 9 900 valid questionnaires were collected. According to diagnostic criteria of the fourth edition of American Psychiatric Disorders Diagnostic and Statistics Manual (ADHD), suspicious children and their parents were interviewed. ADHD patients were divided into ADHD-I, , Hyperactive-impulsive-predominant (ADHD-HI) and mixed-type (ADHD-C), and analyzed the influencing factors of ADHD. Results The prevalence of ADHD was 4.6%, of which ADHD-I was 2.4%, ADHD-HI 0.4% and ADHD-C 1.8%. The prevalence of boys was 6.6%, that of girls was 2.7%, and that of men and women was 2.41:1. The prevalence of various types of ADHD in all age groups there is a difference, the highest prevalence rate of 7 to 10 years old group (6.3%). The prevalence of foreign registered children is higher than the prevalence of registered children in this city. Parents with different education levels and per capita monthly income levels compared to children with ADHD prevalence differences were statistically significant. Children’s age, gender and mother’s low education level (junior high school and below) are the influencing factors of ADHD. Conclusion The prevalence of ADHD-I is high, and the prevalence of ADHD-I is the highest. The age of children, sex and mother’s educational level affect the prevalence of ADHD.