政府间转移支付一般用于解决正外部性,平衡政府间财力差距,实现基本公共服务均等化。这也是我国转移支付的目标所在。但是,考虑到我国的特殊国情,在实现上述目标的同时,亦须兼顾效率、稳定等目标。本文全面分析了我国转移支付现行体制,建立面板数据模型衡量了转移支付在缩小地区间财力差距、维持民族地区稳定、实现中央宏观调控等方面所发挥的作用。综合上述分析,本文认为现行体制具有合理性的同时,指出了现行转移支付制度所存在的问题,并提出了转移支付制度亟须加快科学化、民主化、法制化的改革建议。 Intergovernmental transfers are generally used to solve the problem of positive externalities, balance the financial gap between governments and achieve the equalization of basic public services. This is also the goal of China’s transfer payment. However, taking into account the special national conditions of our country, we must take into consideration the objectives of efficiency and stability while achieving the above objectives. This paper comprehensively analyzes the current system of transfer payment in our country and establishes a panel data model to measure the role played by transfer payment in narrowing the financial gap between regions, maintaining the stability in minority areas and realizing central macro-control. Based on the above analysis, this paper argues that the current system is reasonable, points out the problems existing in the current transfer payment system, and proposes that the transfer payment system urgently need to speed up the scientific, democratization and legalization reform proposals.