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【目的】研究满天星染色体鉴定方法,在对主栽品种进行染色体鉴定的基础上探讨满天星多倍体育种的可行性。【方法】以满天星品种‘云星75’组培苗的根尖和茎尖为试验材料,利用压片法比较不同材料、不同预处理方法对满天星染色体制片效果的影响,并对4个满天星主栽品种进行染色体倍性鉴定,还以二倍体品种‘千万星’为材料进行了多倍体诱导试验。【结果】采用对二氯苯对组培苗茎尖预处理4 h是满天星最适合的染色体制片方法,‘云星75’、‘繁星’、‘日出’为四倍体(4n=68),‘千万星’为二倍体(2n=34);用0.05%的秋水仙碱浸泡处理‘千万星’茎段48 h,多倍体诱导率最高,可达16%。【结论】采用染色体加倍技术培育满天星多倍性新品种是可行的。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the method of chromosome identification of Gypsophila paniculata and to explore the feasibility of Gypsophila polysaccharide multiplication breeding on the basis of chromosome identification of main cultivars. 【Method】 The root tips and shoot tips of ’Tianxing 75’ were used as materials to compare the effects of different materials and different pretreatment methods on the preparation of chromosomes of Gypsophila melanogaster Chromosome ploidy identification was carried out on four main cultivated species of Gypsophila, and the polyploid induction test was also conducted on the diploid variety ’Ten thousand stars’. 【Result】 The results showed that the most suitable method of chromosome preparation was to pretreat 4 h of tissue culture shoots with p-dichlorobenzene, and the best method for chromosome preparation was as follows: ’Star 75’, ’Star’ and ’Sunrise’ = 68), and ’Qianwanxing’ was diploid (2n = 34). The treatment of ’Qianwanxing’ stem with 0.05% colchicine for 48h resulted in the highest polyploid induction rate of 16%. 【Conclusion】 It is feasible to use chromosome doubling technology to cultivate new varieties of Gypsophila multiflorum.