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漕政包括漕粮征收与漕粮运输,是重要的财政制度与国家调拨形式。在传统社会中,漕粮是解决政治中心与经济中心分离、维持大一统国家形态的物质保障,历代王朝均极为重视。清代前期,漕政一度鼎盛,被称为“天庾正供,俸米旗饷,计口待食,为一代之大政”1。进入晚清,在内忧外患之下,漕政逐步走向末路。清代有漕八省中,两湖距京师水路最远,故漕粮征运最为艰辛,中间环节极为繁琐,官员、胥吏、缙绅乘机以浮收牟利,低层百姓负担沉重。进入晚清,随着吏治进
The watercourse management includes the collection of grain and grain and the transportation of grain and grain. It is an important financial system and the form of state allocation. In traditional society, grain grain is the material guarantee for resolving the separation of the political center from the economic center and the maintenance of the form of a unified state. The dynasties of the past dynasties all attached great importance. In the early days of the Qing Dynasty, the government was once flourished and was known as "Heavenly God is providing, Into the late Qing Dynasty, in the internal and external problems, the waterway gradually toward the end. Eight provinces in the Qing Dynasty, the two lakes away from the capital of the farthest, it is the most difficult grain transportation, the middle part of the extremely tedious, officials, clerks to take advantage of floating income for profit, low-level people burden heavy. Into the late Qing Dynasty, with officials into governance