传统的治疗理念中,在没有细菌培养及药敏结果的情况下,危重症患者的初始治疗采用的是升阶梯治疗方案,即“逐步升级,分别打击”。初始治疗选择窄谱抗生素,若临床症状无改善,换用更高一级抗生素,把 Traditional treatment concept, in the absence of bacterial culture and drug susceptibility results, the initial treatment of critically ill patients is the use of escalating treatment program, that is, “escalating, respectively, to combat.” The initial treatment of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, if no improvement in clinical symptoms, change to a higher level of antibiotics, the