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目的了解湛江市初中生的气质特征及类型分布,为进行有针对性的干预和教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,使用青少年自我测试气质量表对湛江市随机抽取的4所中学初一到初三年级共2 493名学生进行调查。结果 2 493名初中生中,单纯型气质占52.5%,2种气质混合型占35.7%,3种气质混合型占11.8%。单纯型气质分布存在性别差异(P<0.01),多血质男生多于女生,粘液质女生多于男生;2种气质混合型在性别、年龄、独生子女与非独生子女间的分布差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),3种气质混合型在性别、年龄、独生子女与非独生子女间的分布差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论初中生气质类型分布具有不均衡性和相对稳定性。家长和教师应因材施教,提高教育成效。
Objective To understand the temperament characteristics and type distribution of junior high school students in Zhanjiang City and provide the basis for targeted intervention and education. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate a total of 2 493 students from the first to third grade of four middle schools randomly selected from Zhanjiang City by using the self-test scale of adolescents. Results Among 2 493 junior high school students, pure type temperament accounted for 52.5%, two temperament mixed type accounted for 35.7%, and three temperament mixed type accounted for 11.8%. There was a gender difference in simple temperament distribution (P <0.01), more blood boys than girls, and more mucus girls than boys. The differences of the two temperament mixed types in gender, age, only child and non-only child Statistical significance (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the distribution of the three temperament types between sex, age, only child and non-only child (P> 0.05). Conclusion Junior high school students temperament type distribution is not balanced and relative stability. Parents and teachers should be taught in accordance with their aptitude so as to enhance the effectiveness of education.