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大脑模块性是认知科学领域的基本假设之一。大脑模块可以分为神经模块和心智模块两个层面,二者在信息加工的竞争中因为属性契合而形成对应关系。有人认为模块性就意味着静态结构,并用大脑可塑性质疑其模块性。本文旨在证明大脑既是模块化的又是可塑的,并从大脑的进化、个体大脑发展以及模块间的关联三个角度讨论模块性和可塑性之间的互利关系。正因为大脑兼具模块性和可塑性才能实现延续与进化、稳定与发展之间的平衡,优化大脑高效性与适应性。
Modularity of the brain is one of the basic assumptions in the field of cognitive science. The brain module can be divided into two levels: the neural module and the mental module, and the two are in the competition of information processing because the properties fit to form the corresponding relationship. Some people think of modularity means that the static structure, and the use of brain plasticity questioned its modularity. This article aims to demonstrate that the brain is both modular and malleable, and discusses the mutually beneficial relationship between modularity and plasticity from the perspectives of brain evolution, individual brain development, and inter-module relationships. It is precisely because the brain combines modularity and plasticity to achieve the balance between continuation and evolution, stability and development, and to optimize the efficiency and adaptability of the brain.