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目的建立细叶石仙桃的生药学鉴别方法。方法采用性状及显微鉴别方法对其根茎、假鳞茎进行性状特征研究,对其根、根茎、假鳞茎进行组织构造和粉末特征研究。结果根茎表面灰棕色,有干枯的膜质鳞叶,下侧有须状细根,上侧间隔着生狭卵形至卵状长圆形假鳞茎;气微,味淡、微酸涩。其根茎、假鳞茎的横切片和粉末显微特征显示:根茎皮层和中柱宽广,皮层细胞大小不一,有限外韧型维管束散在,韧皮部外侧有半月形纤维束包绕,纤维束外缘细胞内含有硅质块。假鳞茎横切面中表皮细胞起伏呈3个深波浪形,基本组织中散生内含草酸钙针晶束黏液细胞,有限外韧型维管束多数,近外侧的维管束的韧皮部具帽状纤维束,其侧薄壁细胞内含圆形硅质块。根茎粉末中表皮细胞壁呈深波状弯曲,纤维束周围细胞含纵向排列的硅质块,非腺毛和网纹细胞多见。假鳞茎粉末中表皮细胞垂周壁深度弯曲,纤维束周围细胞含纵向排列的硅质块,草酸钙针晶束多见。结论本研究所建立的性状和显微鉴别方法操作简单,鉴别特征明显,可作为细叶石仙桃的鉴定依据。
OBJECTIVE To establish the method of identification of crude pharmacognosy of Prunus cerasitans. Methods Traits of rhizomes and pseudobulbs were studied by traits and microscopic identification. Their root, rhizome and pseudobulb were characterized by their tissue structure and powder characteristics. Results The rhizomes were gray-brown in color with dry membranous scales and fibrous roots on the underside. The upper part of the rhizomes were sparsely ovate to ovate-oblong pseudobulb. The gas was slight, light and slightly sour. The transverse and microscopic features of rhizome and pseudobulb showed that the rhizome cortex and the mid-column were broad, the cortical cells were of different sizes, the limited vascular bundles were scattered, the semilunar fiber bundles were wrapped around the phloem, Cells contain siliceous lumps. Epidermal cells in the cross-section of pseudobulb showed three deep undulations, and the interstitial cells in the basal tissue contained calcium oxalate-spherulose myxoid cells. Most of the vascular bundles were of limited extensibility, and the phloem of the proximal lateral vascular bundles had hat- , Its side parenchyma cells contain round silicon blocks. Rhizome powder epidermal cell wall was deep wave-like bending, fiber bundles around the cells with longitudinal arrangement of the silicon mass, non-glandular hair and reticulate cells more common. The pseudobulbar powder epidermal cells in the vertical wall of the curved depth, fiber bundles around the cells with longitudinal arrangement of silicon blocks, calcium oxalate needle crystal more common. Conclusions The traits and microscopic identification methods established in this study are easy to operate and have obvious distinguishing characteristics and can be used as the identification basis of Microtus.