杜威早期基于生物学的进化论和心理学的机能主义等形成了他的实用主义和工具主义,中后期又基于现代科学的研究方法和程序来对哲学进行改造,其哲学的最终指向是把自然科学中的研究方法和模式转化为一般性的探究模式,从而指导道德、社会、教育、宗教等广泛的社会人文领域,杜威对于科学的哲学讨论对于理解哲学和科学的关系提供了重要的理论借鉴。 His early pragmatism and instrumentalism based on biological evolutionism and psychology of functionalism formed his own philosophy and instrumentalism in the late and later based on modern scientific research methods and procedures to transform philosophy, the ultimate goal of philosophy is to the natural sciences The research methods and modes in this paper transform into the general mode of inquiry and thus guide a wide range of social and humanities such as morality, society, education and religion. Dewey’s philosophical discussion of science provides an important theoretical reference for understanding the relationship between philosophy and science.