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目的了解台州市中小学生常见病现状,为防制工作提供依据。方法 2012—2013年在台州市7个县(市、区)小学、初中和高中选取26所监测学校,依据《学生健康检查技术规范》等对26所监测学校35 171名学生进行营养不良、肥胖、超重、视力不良、近视、沙眼、恒牙龋齿、贫血和肠道蠕虫等常见病监测评价。结果各类常见病检出率分别为营养不良7.20%、肥胖6.94%、超重12.40%、视力不良63.37%、近视59.20%、沙眼0.59%、恒牙龋齿27.25%、贫血12.75%和肠道蠕虫0.24%。从小学、初中到高中的检出趋势分析,营养不良、视力不良、近视和贫血均呈递增趋势(P<0.05);肥胖和超重呈递减趋势(P<0.05)。营养不良、肥胖和超重的检出率男生高于女生(P<0.05);近视、恒牙龋齿和贫血的检出率女生高于男生(P<0.05)。结论台州市中小学生视力不良及近视、恒牙龋齿等常见病较突出,需采取有效措施进行预防。
Objective To understand the status quo of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Taizhou and provide the basis for prevention and control work. Methods From 2012 to 2013, 26 monitoring schools were selected in primary, middle, and high schools in 7 counties (cities and districts) in Taizhou. Malnutrition, obesity , Overweight, poor eyesight, myopia, trachoma, permanent tooth caries, anemia and intestinal worms and other common diseases monitoring and evaluation. Results The prevalence of common diseases were 7.20%, 6.94%, 12.40%, 63.37%, 59.20%, 0.59%, 27.25%, 12.75%, and 0.24 %. From elementary school, middle school to high school, the detection trend analysis, malnutrition, poor eyesight, myopia and anemia showed an increasing trend (P <0.05); obesity and overweight showed a decreasing trend (P <0.05). The detection rate of malnutrition, obesity and overweight were higher in boys than in girls (P <0.05). The prevalence of dental caries and anemia was higher in boys than in boys (P <0.05). Conclusion Primary and secondary school students in Taizhou have poor visual acuity and myopia, permanent tooth decay and other common diseases are more prominent, and effective measures need to be taken for prevention.