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在玛雅人和中美洲其他印第安民族中,流行着一种关于双重灵魂的特殊想象:一个人不仅在自己的身体之内拥有一个灵魂,而且在自己的身体之外,还存在着一个寄身于某种动物或自然力的灵魂,也就是“他我”(Alter Ego)。这是原生于中美洲地区的一种特有的传统信仰形式。学者们根据当地语言中的相关词汇将其称为“纳瓜尔信仰”(nagualism)。有关研究目前仍在进行中,不论是历史文献的解读还是当代的民族志,包括人类学的比较研究等各个方面,都有待进一步深化。
Among the Mayans and other Indian peoples in Central America, there is a special preoccupation with double souls: one not only has one soul within one’s own body, but there is one body outside of one’s own body, The soul of some animal or natural force, that is, Alter Ego. This is a unique form of traditional belief born in Central America. Scholars refer to it as “nagualism,” based on the relevant vocabulary in the local language. The research is still underway. Whether it is the interpretation of historical documents or the contemporary ethnography, including the comparative study of anthropology, all aspects need to be further deepened.