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适当控制细胞膜和细胞区室间的钙流量,对神经元发挥基本功能起决定性作用,包括对轴突生长和突触发生的调节、突触传递与可塑性以及细胞存活。在人的衰老过程中尤其是在神经变性的疾病,细胞内钙调节系统受累而导致突触机能障碍、神经可塑性受损和神经元变性。氧化应激扰乱能量代谢和疾病相关蛋白的聚集(如淀粉状蛋白等),反过来影响钙稳态。细胞膜、内质网和线粒体钙调蛋白改变与年龄相关的神经元机能障碍和疾病相关。衰老对神经元钙调节的有害作用引起或影响神经退行性疾病危险的遗传与环境因素双重调节。更好的阐明促进或阻止衰老过程中钙稳态的细胞和分子机制,或许能帮助人们找到治疗干预诸如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和中风等神经性疾病的新方法。
Appropriate control of the calcium flux between the cell membrane and the cell compartment plays a decisive role in the neuronal functioning, including regulation of axonal growth and synaptogenesis, synaptic transmission and plasticity, and cell survival. In the process of human aging, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, the intracellular calcium regulating system is involved leading to synaptic dysfunction, impaired neuro-plasticity and neuronal degeneration. Oxidative stress disrupts energy metabolism and accumulation of disease-associated proteins (eg, amyloid, etc.), which in turn affects calcium homeostasis. Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial calmodulin changes are associated with age-related neuronal dysfunction and disease. Detrimental effects of aging on neuronal calcium regulation Dual genetic and environmental factors that cause or influence the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Better elucidation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote or prevent calcium homeostasis in aging may help to find new ways of treating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and stroke.