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目的:调查肾茶种质表型性状的变异范围,寻找与其产量和质量密切相关的表型性状,为肾茶品种选育提供参考。方法:随机标记肾茶各种质植株,观测其表型性状,并进行表型性状变异、主成分、相关及通径分析。结果:调查的肾茶15份种质13个表型性状变异较大,主要分布在产量、长势、遗传特征几个方面。相关及通径分析表明,单株干重与单株鲜重呈极显著正相关,与茎高、茎粗、根粗呈正相关。对单株干重的直接贡献作用最大的是单株鲜重,其次是茎高、茎粗、根粗;其他性状,包括根长、分枝数、叶节数、叶长、叶宽、鲜干比、迷迭香酸含量、熊果酸含量对单株干重的直接作用均为负效应。迷迭香酸含量与单株鲜重呈正相关,与鲜干比呈显著正相关,对迷迭香酸含量的直接贡献作用最大的是单株鲜重,其次是茎高、茎粗;其他性状,包括根长、根粗、分枝数、叶节数、叶长、叶宽、单株干重、鲜干比、熊果酸含量对迷迭香酸含量的直接作用均为负效应。结论:肾茶种质表型性状在产量、长势、遗传特征几个方面变异丰富。在筛选肾茶优良种质时,可以综合考虑对肾茶产量性状单株干重和质量性状迷迭香酸含量都有促进作用的单株鲜重、茎高、茎粗及鲜干比几个性状,选择生长旺盛、植株高大、叶子多的肾茶植株。
Objective: To investigate the variation range of phenotypic traits of kidney tea germplasm and find the phenotypic traits closely related to its yield and quality. Methods: All kinds of plants were randomly labeled and their phenotypic traits were observed. The phenotypic traits, principal component, correlation and path analysis were also performed. Results: Thirteen phenotypic traits of 15 accessions of Shencha were significantly different, which mainly distributed in yield, growth and genetic characteristics. Correlation and path analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between dry weight per plant and fresh weight per plant, and positive correlation with stem height, stem diameter and root diameter. The direct contribution to the dry weight per plant was the fresh weight per plant, followed by the stem height, stem diameter and root diameter. Other traits, including root length, branch number, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, Dry ratio, rosmarinic acid content, ursolic acid content of the direct effect of dry weight per plant are negative effects. The content of rosmarinic acid was positively correlated with the fresh weight of the plant and positively correlated with fresh-dry ratio. The highest contribution of rosmarinic acid to fresh weight per plant was observed, followed by stem height and stem diameter. The other traits The direct effects of root length, root diameter, branch number, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight per plant, ratio of fresh to dry and ursolic acid on rosmarinic acid content were both negative effects. CONCLUSION: Phenotypic traits of kidney-tea germplasm are abundant in several aspects of yield, growth and genetic characteristics. When screening the excellent germplasms of Shencha, the fresh weight, stem height, stem diameter and ratio of fresh to dry weight of single plant that can promote the dry weight per plant and the quality traits of rosmarinic acid of Rencha were comprehensively considered. Traits, choose strong growth, tall plants, leaves and more kidney tea plants.