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南极大陆被坚硬而巨大的冰川、冰盖连成一体,上有占该大陆面积不及5％的裸露岩石区,而且尚有活火山,其中一座埃里伯斯火山就是在我们取样的罗斯岛上。南极洲主要可分为两个地质区:其一是东南极洲,它濒临大西洋和印度洋,占南极大陆的大部分。它是典型的大陆性地质,基底为火成岩和变质岩,上面覆盖着较年青的水平沉积岩和层状火山岩,其中以片麻岩为最多;其二是西南极洲,它一般由较年青的变质岩构成,那里的火山仍然在活动,所以侵入岩和火山岩到处可见。
The Antarctic continents are surrounded by hard, giant glaciers and ice sheets that contain bare rocky areas that make up less than 5% of the continent’s area. There are still active volcanoes, and one of the Mount Ereboros volcanoes is on our sample of Rose Island . Antarctica can be divided into two major geological areas: one is the East Antarctica, which borders on the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, accounting for most of the Antarctic continent. It is a typical continental geology. The basement is igneous and metamorphic rocks, and is covered by younger horizontal sedimentary rocks and stratiform volcanic rocks, of which gneiss is the largest. The second is the West Antarctica, which is generally dominated by younger metamorphic rocks , Where the volcano is still active, so invaded rocks and volcanic rocks can be seen everywhere.