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基础教育中的一个重要任务,是如何从“应试教育”向“素质教育”转变,这是基础教育领域的深刻变革。基础教育要彻底摒弃以应试为目的的片面教育观,面向全体学生,全面提高学生素质,使其在德、智、体诸方面得到全面和谐的发展。因此,应在教学中正确处理“教学学科与儿童认识特点、教与学、掌握知识与能力发展、德育与智育、共同要求与因材施教、提高教学质量与减轻学生负担等方面的关系”,而这些关系都与教学内容有着十分密切的联系。由于教材是知识的载体,因此,如何处理好教材,用好课本,实现教学内容最优化,是我们要深入研究和探讨的问题。通过具体的实践和研究,有以下思考。
One of the important tasks in basic education is how to change from “exam-oriented education” to “quality education”. This is a profound reform in the field of basic education. Basic education should completely abandon the one-sided view of education for the purpose of the examination, face all students, improve the quality of students in an all-round way, and enable them to be fully and harmoniously developed in all aspects of morality, intelligence, and physical development. Therefore, the relationship between teaching disciplines and children’s cognitive characteristics, teaching and learning, mastery of knowledge and ability development, moral education and intellectual education, common requirements and teaching students according to their aptitude, improvement of teaching quality, and reduction of student burden should be properly addressed in teaching. Relationships have a very close relationship with the teaching content. Because teaching materials are the carrier of knowledge, how to deal with good teaching materials, make good use of textbooks, and optimize teaching content are issues that we must study and discuss in depth. Through the specific practice and research, there are the following considerations.