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在大多数公司里,研究与开发过程沿着一条已被踩熟的路径进行。首先是基础研究,在这里科学家负责开拓一个新概念,比如说一种新的聚合物。接着,具有此领域专业知识的科学家改进这个概念,直至他们证实这种聚合物的应用,诸如一种新的绝缘材料。最后他们把实际地开发一种商业性产品和它的制造过程的研制工作转给与此有关的工程师们去完成。我把这种传统的研究与开发方法看作一系列连续相继的细致的改进,一组又一组的专家为开发一种产品注入他们的贡献,这样
In most companies, the research and development process follows a path that has already been cooked. The first is basic research, where scientists are responsible for developing a new concept, such as a new polymer. Then, scientists with expertise in the field improved the concept until they confirmed the application of this polymer, such as a new insulating material. In the end, they transferred the actual development of a commercial product and its manufacturing process to the engineers involved. I see this traditional research and development method as a series of successive and detailed refinements, and a group of experts injecting their contributions to develop a product.