在日常生产中,我们收集了一批有关用X射线探测的焊缝缺陷的资料。现将板厚12～20毫米,以自动焊为主的焊缝的气孔与砂眼、熔穴与熔坑等11类典型缺陷的照片整理如下,供参考。气孔与砂眼焊缝内部存在的圆形小孔称为气孔,在焊缝外部存在的小孔称为砂眼(图1～图4)。气孔与砂眼产生的原因大致是:焊件表面的氧化物或带有水分的污物混入焊缝内;焊剂温度过高;焊剂和焊丝的含 In daily production, we collected a batch of data on weld defects detected by X-rays. The photos of eleven kinds of typical defects, such as pores and blisters, melting holes, and craters in the welds with a plate thickness of 12 to 20 mm, based on automatic welding, are listed below for reference. The small pores present in the pores and the pores of the trachoma are called pores, and the pores existing outside the weld are called trachoma (Fig. 1 to Fig. 4). The reasons for pores and trachoma are roughly as follows: oxides on the surface of the weldment or dirt with water mixed into the weld; flux temperature is too high; flux and wire containing