杀虫剂给人类、野生生物和牲畜带来的副作用,以及害虫抗性的产生、次要害虫的暴发等,促进了害虫综合治理(IPM)的发展。农户采用IPM,是因为他们领悟到了选用害虫不同防治策略后在经济上可得到的好处。当然,农户也经常使用杀虫剂保产,这是因为他们希望能降低风险而获得更高的纯收益。 IPM的风险是影响它应用的重要因素之一。当其害虫综合治理中某一特定的策略对 The side effects of pesticides on humans, wildlife and livestock, as well as the development of pest resistance and the outbreak of secondary pests have contributed to the development of integrated pest management (IPM). Farmers adopt IPM because they perceive the economically viable benefits of using different control strategies for pests. Of course, farmers also often use pesticides for their production, because they want to reduce the risk and obtain a higher net income. The risk of IPM is one of the important factors affecting its application. When its pest integrated governance in a particular strategy