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本文介绍了于1984年7月完成的用盐浴浸入法,对钢铁材料进行稀土—硼盐浴多元共渗(以下简称共渗)获得强化渗层的研究成果。阐述了共渗渗层成分、组织、性能等特点。分析了共渗渗层提高使用寿命的原因。论述了共渗及稀土的催渗机理。根据余瑞璜先生经验电子理论提出了稀土原子在扩渗过程中原子半径可变及其6S电子跃迁模型;还提出了活化稀土原子,在γ—Fe中提高平衡空位浓度,形成较多的“双空位”和“原子空位团”通道的扩散模型。并根据试验数据,通过热激活扩散方程,在本试验的条件下,以一级近似计算了硼原子的扩散激活能。从而对解释稀土元素在钢中形成的强制稀固溶体的溶固强化及在渗硼过程中的催化作用有了理论根据。
This article describes the results of a study of strengthening infiltrated layers obtained by salt bath immersion in July 1984 with rare earth-boron salt bath multiple infiltration (hereinafter referred to as infiltration). The composition, organization and properties of infiltration layer are described. The reason of improving the service life of the infiltration layer is analyzed. The mechanism of permeation of rare earth and common osmosis is discussed. Based on the empirical electron theory of Mr. Yu Ruihuang, the atomic radius of rare earth atoms in the diffusion process and its 6S electronic transition model are proposed. The activated rare earth atoms are also proposed to increase equilibrium vacancy concentration in γ-Fe and form more “double vacancy ”And“ atomic vacancy group ”channel diffusion model. According to the experimental data, the diffusion activation energy of boron atoms was calculated by first order approximation through the heat activation diffusion equation under the conditions of this experiment. Thus there is a theoretical basis for explaining the solid solution strengthening of compulsory dilute solid formed by rare earth elements in steel and the catalytic action in boronizing.