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本文以中国共产党的干部公开选拔模式为研究对象,试图通过对干部选拔民主化的历史成因、发展脉络以及改革效果的分析,来解读当下干部选拔政策的政治意涵。文章研究认为,在中共实现由“革命党”向“执政党”的转型后,民主化压力给党管干部原则带来严重挑战,这一挑战在理论上表现为列宁式政党的集权性和民主的放权性之间的张力。为全面回应这一挑战,在胡锦涛执政时期,中国共产党逐步探索出“公推公选”、“公推直选”等一系列竞争性的干部选拔模式。但这些改革呈现出一定的局限性,在实践上未能有效解决干部选拔的痼疾沉疴,在理论上也未能澄清列宁式政党在民主和集中问题上的矛盾处境,因而在2013年后被新的干部人事思路所取代,而新的干部人事思路正是列宁式政党传统民主观的一种体现。
This article takes the open selection of cadres in the Communist Party of China as the research object and tries to interpret the political implications of the current cadre selection policy through the historical causes, development context and the reform effect of the democratization of cadre selection and selection. The article argues that the pressure of democratization poses a serious challenge to the party cadres’ principle after the CCP has transformed itself from a “revolutionary party” to a “ruling party.” This challenge is theoretically manifested in the Leninist party’s Tension between centralization and democratization. In order to fully respond to this challenge, during the period of Hu Jintao’s administration, the CPC has gradually explored a series of competitive cadre selection models such as “public election for public promotion” and “direct election for public promotion”. However, these reforms have shown some limitations. In practice, they have failed to effectively solve the chronic illness of cadre selection and have, in theory, failed to clarify the contradictions and positions of Leninist parties over the issue of democracy and centralism. Cadres and personnel mentality replaced by the new ideas of cadres and personnel is the Leninist party traditional democracy as a manifestation.