免耕秸秆覆盖对旱作农田土壤呼吸和碳平衡的影响

来源 :内蒙古农业大学 | 被引量 : 15次 | 上传用户:rookielv
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本文采用两种留茬高度和两种覆盖量组合,研究了阴山北麓地区旱作农田保护性耕作条件下土壤呼吸、土壤活性有机碳的变化规律及该地区农田土壤碳平衡状况,旨在明确该区土壤肥力状态,为该地区土壤肥力的保持提高以及农业可持续发展提供理论依据和实践指导。研究结果表明:(1)生育期内,各处理土壤呼吸速率呈先升后降的趋势,在7月以前,各处理土壤呼吸速率差异不显著;7月到8月中旬,传统耕作土壤呼吸速率较免耕覆盖处理高,而免耕覆盖各处理土壤呼吸速率随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而减少;8月中旬以后,传统耕作土壤呼吸速率较免耕覆盖处理低,而免耕覆盖各处理土壤呼吸速率随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而增加。免耕不同覆盖量处理间差异显著,不同留茬高度处理间差异不显著。(2)免耕全量覆盖处理土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷的含量均为最高,然后是免耕半量覆盖、传统耕作。5个处理的土壤呼吸速率与土壤微生量碳、氮、磷的拟合优度均达到显著相关。传统耕作处理的拟合优度要小于免耕留茬覆盖各处理,不同覆盖量处理之间差异显著,而不同留茬高度处理间差异不显著。(3)土壤呼吸速率与易氧化碳的相关性最大。易氧化碳与碳素有效率A,碳素有效率B,碳素有效率C及土壤碳库管理指数均呈极显著相关,与土壤碳库管理指数的相关系数达0.991,易氧化碳作为土壤有机碳活度的指标可以更灵敏更直接地反映土壤有机碳短期的变化状况,免耕秸秆覆盖的土壤碳库管理指数大于传统耕作。(4)传统耕作、留低茬半量覆盖、留低茬全量覆盖、留高茬半量覆盖和留高茬全量覆盖的NEP及绝对净碳累积量均为正值,各处理均是碳汇,且免耕全量覆盖为减少大气中CO2的最优处理,不同留茬高度处理间差异不显著。
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