英语会话中的反馈语

来源 :浙江大学 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:handong007
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
The role of two adults in everyday conversation consists of speaker and listener taking turns. One of the frequently -occurring phenomena in conversation is feedbacks. They are a hearer’s brief responses to the current speaker’s speech in a conversation. However, as one of the most common phenomena in conversations, feedbacks are usually not the focus of attention during conversations. They become noticeable only when they are either absent or too ubiquitous. Although some aspects of feedbacks have been examined by some studies, there has been no attempt to integrate the findings.This thesis studies feedbacks based on a 12-million-word subcorpus from the British National Corpus (BNC) of Spoken English. With the help of Sara (SGML Aware Retrieval Application), feedbacks are analyzed in terms of forms, positions, functions and sociolinguistic variation (power and context).From the study, we can see that feedbacks sometimes appear in the form of single word, but in most occasions, they appear in the form of more than one-word. If the feedbacks take the form of single-word, usually, they are fulfilling their transactional aims. They can perform the functions of contact, understanding, approval, appraisement/evaluation, acknowledgement, confirmation/ clarification and concession. While when they take the form of more than one word, they not only serve their transactional aims, but also serve their interaction aims. Feedbacks occur in two places based on the data from BNC. One is the non-natural pause of the speaker’s utterance (which we call overlap feedbacks);the other is the natural pause of the speaker’s utterance (which we call In-between feedbacks). When feedbacks occur in the non-natural pause of the speaker’s utterance, it means speakers have encountered some difficulties in their utterances. So listeners utter feedbacks not only to show they are listening, but also to encourage speakers to go on their utterance. When feedbacks occur in the natural pause, it just shows the listeners are listening. From the two socilolinguistic variations, power and context, we can draw the conclusion: the people with higher social status in a conversation usually utter more feedbacks than the people with lower social status. Especially, the former utters far more overlap feedbacks than the latter do. It is because when the inferior meet difficulties in a conversation, the superior’s feedbacks can be seen as encouragement, while the superior encounter difficulties, the inferior are not expected to utter too many feedbacks, otherwise, they will hurt the superior’s face. As for contexts, we get the conclusion that the more informal a context is, the more feedbacks are uttered. It is because in formal context, speakers usually know what they are going to say, and listeners are expected to focus their attention to their own ideas that is against the speakers’. So feedbacks are less used in formal occasions. While at informal situations, in order to understand correctly what speakers have said, the listener mustfeedback frequently, so the conversation can go smoothly.Feedbacks are very important to teachers and students in classrooms. So we also discussed the characteristics and benefits of feedbacks in classroom context.
其他文献
本文是面向语言工程的,主要阐述汉语越南语机器翻译实验系统HanViet 0.1的理论基础和实现过程。据我们所知,这是第一个汉越机器翻译系统。本文一共分为5章。第1章简要回顾了
表面等离激元是在金属表面传播的电磁波,能够突破衍射极限,具有巨大的局域场增强效应。双波导结构依托其强烈的耦合特性,结合表面等离激元优越的性质,极大的增强了波导间隙中
近年来,英语口语教学受到普遍关注。同时,社会也需要能够在不同场合用英语进行交流的人才。因此,为了适应当前语言教学和社会的需求,我校于2004年开始组织了旨在衡量英语口语
<正>深州蜜桃独特品质的形成与我市独特的气候与土壤、水源因素是分不开的。经过广大劳动人民2 000多年的栽培和选育,形成了今天的深州蜜桃。1气候因素深州市位于北温带季风
水平井结合水力压裂技术已经成为高效开发页岩气藏的有效手段.为此,建立并求解了综合考虑页岩气解吸、扩散和渗流特征的页岩气藏压裂水平井五区复合渗流模型,获得了Laplace空
对超声波辅助法提取姜辣素的工艺进行研究,以乙醇作溶剂从姜渣中提取姜辣素。选用香草醛为对照品,用紫外分光光度法测定提取物中姜辣素的含量。通过单因素和正交试验确定最佳提
本文以胡庚申教授的翻译适应选择论为主要理论依据,通过实例分析,探究在英译汉中异质引进应有的限度。本文的分析结论是:在面对英译汉异质时,首先要保证完成翻译的功能,然后
目的:探讨影响精神分裂症患者首次住院的因素。方法:对精神分裂症患者首次住院的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果:促进精神分裂症患者早期住院的因素有认识程度(OR:4.762)、BPRS