结球白菜幼胚培养技术研究

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结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.pekinensis)是十字花科(Cruciferae)芸薹属(Brassica),一二年生草本植物,又称包心白菜、大白菜、黄芽菜,我国结球白菜的类型和品种极为丰富,将大白菜亚种按进化过程由低级到高级可分为四个园艺变种,即散叶变种、半结球变种、花心变种和结球变种;按生态类型可分为直筒、卵圆与平头三型。本文针对6个品种的结球白菜进行了胚龄的选择、基本培养基的筛选、植物生长调节剂的添加试验、继代培养基的筛选和生根培养基的筛选试验,获得了以下结果:(1)在无菌条件下剥取幼胚进行室内离体培养,对4d-24d幼胚进行试验,确定白菜幼胚培养的最佳胚龄时间为18-24d(2)分别使用MS、1/2MS、B5三种培养基对结球白菜幼胚进行培养,最佳基本培养基为:MS培养基+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂。(3)通过添加不同浓度植物生长调节剂(6-BA、NAA),筛选出了不同结球类型、叶球抱合类型、叶球形状的结球白菜幼胚培养的四类诱导苗培养基激素水平:适合结球合抱炮弹型结球白菜的培养基为MS+NAA0.4mg/L+6-BA (0.5-1.0)mg/L+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂;适合结球叠抱倒锥型结球白菜的培养基为MS+NAA(0.4-0.6) mg/L+6-BA(0.5-1.5)mg/L+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂;适合结球合抱直筒型白菜的培养基为MS+NAA(0.4-0.6) mg/L+6-BA(1.0-1.5)mg/L+30g/L;适合结球合抱卵圆型、半结球翻心短筒型和半结球翻心长筒型结球白菜培养基为MS+NAA0.6mg/L+6-BA1.5mg/L+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂。(4)通过继代培养,得出6种不同基因型结球白菜丛生苗的继代培养基。适合结球合抱炮弹型、结球叠抱倒锥型、结球合抱卵圆型、结球合抱直筒型四种类型的结球白菜的继代培养基为MS+NAA0.6mg/L+6-BA1.5mg/L+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂。适合半结球翻心短筒型和半结球翻心长筒型结球白菜的培养基为MS+NAA0.6mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂。(5)通过生根培养基筛选试验,得出结球+合抱+炮弹型的培养基配方为:1/2MS+NAA0.3mg/L+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂;结球+叠抱+倒锥、结球+合抱+卵圆、结球+合抱+直筒、半结球+翻心+短筒、半结球+翻心+长筒型的生根培养基配方为:1/2MS+NAA0.4mg/L+30g/L蔗糖+0.7%琼脂。
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