目的：为了解贵阳市城乡老年人的膳食结构、营养水平和健康状况，探讨有效的营养改善措施来预防疾病和促进他们的身体健康。方法：对贵阳市及市郊的１２００名６０岁以上的老年人用连续三日２４小时膳食询问法进行膳食调查，同时进行体格检查、血压测量和抽血进行生化检测，数据用微机进行统计分析。结果：（１）贵阳市城乡老年人营养水平较好，能量、蛋白质等的摄入接近或超过中国营养学会的ＲＤＡ，但钙及维生素Ｂ２普遍摄入不足，尤其钙缺乏较严重，仅为ＲＤＡ的５４．５％以下，不利于骨质疏松症的预防；农民、工人及干部三组人群钠的摄入４５８２～５４００ｍｇ，都高于中国营养学会建议的摄入上限（３３００ｍｇ），不利于高血压的预防；三组中，高干组碳水化合物和膳食钎维摄入最低，但脂肪摄入最高，胆固醇摄入超过建议标准，对健康不利。（２）膳食结构农民组较合理，但蛋白质质量较差，高干和工人组动物性食品比例偏高，来自于动物性食品的脂肪比例偏高，以高干组最为明显（脂肪摄入占总热能的３０％以上），对老年人的健康不利，应加以指导和进行膳食调配。（３）高干和工人组中高脂血症和肥胖（ＢＭＩ＞２５）的发生率较高，以高干组为最高，分别为１７．２％和２６．４％，农民组发生率最? Objective: To understand the dietary patterns, nutritional status and health status of the elderly in urban and rural areas in Guiyang, explore effective nutrition improvement measures to prevent diseases and promote their health. METHODS: A total of 1,200 elderly people over the age of 60 in Guiyang and its suburbs were surveyed with a 24-hour dietary questionnaire. Physical examinations, blood pressure measurements, and blood tests were performed for biochemical tests. The data were analyzed using a computer. Results: (1) The nutritional status of the elderly in urban and rural areas of Guiyang City is relatively good, and the intake of energy, protein, etc. is close to or exceeds the RDA of the Chinese Nutrition Society, but the general intake of calcium and vitamin B2 is insufficient, especially the calcium deficiency is more serious, only RDA. 54.5% or less is not conducive to the prevention of osteoporosis; the intake of sodium in the three groups of farmers, workers, and cadres is 4582 to 5400 mg, which is higher than the recommended intake limit (3300 mg) of the Chinese Nutrition Society, which is not conducive to high Prevention of blood pressure; In the three groups, the intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber in the high-dry group was the lowest, but the highest intake of fat was, and the intake of cholesterol exceeded the recommended standard, which was unfavorable to health. (2) The dietary structure of the farmers group is more reasonable, but the protein quality is poorer. The proportion of animal foods in the high-dry and worker groups is higher, and the proportion of fat from animal foods is higher, and the highest in the high-dry group (fat intake More than 30% of the total heat energy is unfavorable to the health of the elderly and guidance and dietary deployment should be conducted. (3) The incidence of hyperlipidemia and obesity (BMI>25) was higher in the high-dry and workers group, and the highest was in the high-dry group, which was 17.2% and 26.4% respectively. The incidence of the farmer group was the highest.