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Background: Previous structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) studies in patients with primary major depressive disorder (MDD) have reported changes in several brain areas of the limbic-cortical network,such as the amygdala and hippocampus.However,the results of these studies are inconsistent,and relatively few studies have been conducted to detect gray matter abnormalities in patients with post-stroke dpression (PSD).Methods: We examined 13 PSD patients and 18 age- and gender-matched non-depressed ischemic stroke subjects to investigate structural abnormalities using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system,and selected the bilateral hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex as regions of interest (ROI).VBM-DARTEL and ROI techniques were was performed to analyze the morphometric data.Group differences in gray matter volume and concentration were assessed using Analysis of covariance(ANCOVA).A partial correlation model was used to analyze associations of morphometric changes with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores and duration of depression.Results: The patients with post-stroke depression showed increased gray matter concentrations (GMC) in the Left anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32) and Right anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24).Reduced gray matter volumes (GMV) was found in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex(BA32/24) and the right hippocampal gyrus (BA 28).These changes did not significantly correlate with symptom severity or duration of depression.Limitations: Medication effects,region-of-interest (ROI) analyses,and the relatively small patient sample size should be taken into consideration when reviewing the implications of these results.Conclusions: Results suggest that GM changes of hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex in PSD patients are similar to primary depression.These findings may provide a better understanding of the anatomical properties of the neural mechanisms underlying the etiology of PSD.