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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Three-Cavity Clearance (TCC) in the treatment of perianal abscess.Methods: A case-control study of patients with perianal abscess in the 3rd Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of TCM and Peking University International Hospital from June 2013 to Mar.2016 was done.Clinical data of 46 patients under TCC were analyzed.At the same time, 46 patients were under simple incision and drainage and 46 patients were under abscess drainage and cutting seton(radical abscess incision) were analyzed.The time of hospital stay, wound healing, fistula rate and fecal incontinence were assessed.Results: Rates of fistula formation: 18/46(39.1%) in the group of simple incision and drainage, 4/46 (8.7%) in the group of radical abscess incision and 6/46 (13.1%) in the group of TCC.Anal function: two patients in radical abscess incision were fecal incontinence to flatus and soiling, wexner score was 6 and 3 respectively.But no fecal incontinence in TCC group and simple incision and drainage group.There was no statistically difference in hospitalization time and wound healing among the three groups(P> 0.05) Conclusion: Three-Cavity Clearance (TCC) is a safe and effective sphincter-preserve procedure for perianal abscess and it can decrease the fistula rate after perianal abscess drainage.It is valuable to be used in clinical practice and need further randomized Clinical trial to prove it clinical significant.