The water supply in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are below the water scarcity line (less than 1000 m3/year/capita) as defined by WHO, therefore, all the GCC countries are using desalination to increase their water supply.Recently, an enormous investment was conducted for building desalination stations, which in some of the GCC countries represent 90-100% of its water resources, in fact more than 50% of the desalination capacity worldwide in operation is taking place in the Middle East region, GCC countries and Libya.Yet the rapid increase in the population and the growth of the development made the need for water supply a critical issue and one of the most concerns, which the GCC countries should study before moving ahead in any future plan for more developments.Furthermore, Desalination is energy-intensive process;it is considered the second energy major consumer in the region.Hence more desalination developments indicate more electricity is needed, causing more pollution from electric power plants.The present study investigates the possible opportunities for low Carbone desalination developments, with detailed analysis to the past, current and future challenges.