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The landlord system in the Edo Period was supported by the different mechanism from the one which supported the modern landlord system.The aim of this paper is to examine the mechanism of landlord system in the Edo Period in terms of "nawanobi" and "mura no ronri", by a case study of the Tanaka family in the Akatsuka village in the upper Kinokawa river basin.The term "nawanobi" refers to the difference between the registered area on the land surveying books and the actual area.And the term "mura no ronri" refers to the system which the strong peasantries in the village aim to keep village community.In the upper Kinokawa river basin, the feudal rent in kind was high and it was very profitable to hold "nawanobi" which the feudal rent wasnt rated.But the Tanaka family didnt accumulate "nawanobi" selectively.It is considered that the Tanaka family tried to do so, but the Tanaka family couldnt do so because of "mura no ronri".