Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in exercise induced cardiac hypertrophy,and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activated by energetic stress is the upstream of TSC2 and phosphorylates TSC2(Ser1387) to inhibit mTOR,AMPK also phosphorylates EF2 kinase and increases its activity,which in turn increases the phosphorylation of eEF2 to limit peptide elongation.