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Traditional meditation technique (Raja Yoga) affects psychological, behavioral and autonomic functions.The study was aimed to investigate the effects of duration of meditation on cardiovascular autonomic functions in long term traditional meditation (Raja Yoga) practicing healthy adults.The case control study enrolled 12 males (age 46±13.24 years) and 17 females (age 49.45±10.10 years) with a history of 5 to 20 years (male, 11.16±6.10and female, 10.1±4.9 years) of traditional meditation practice of at least 1 hour every day and cardiovascular autonomic parameters were compared with their healthy controls of same age group (male n=30, age=45.91±11.9years, female n=40, age=51.21 ±l 3.11 years) without experience of meditation.Responses to Deep Breathing (DB),Orthostatic Tolerance, Valsalva maneuver and Isometric Hand Grip Test were studied following standard protocol.From ECG record, Expiration to Inspiration (E/I) and Valsalva Ratios were determined.The values (mean±SD)for systolic, diastolic blood pressure and HR were analyzed in SPSS 17 for windows and Pearsons correlation and Independent sample T test were used to observe the association of duration of meditation on autonomic parameters and to determine the gender differences.Observation showed a negative correlation of duration of meditation with systolic blood pressure (r=-0.380, P≤ 0.05) and mean arterial blood pressure (r=-0.374, P≤ 0.05) recorded during DBT.Comparison between the sexes showed that the practice of meditation caused significant (P≤ 0.05) decrease in HR during DBT in females than in males.Findings suggest that the long term traditional meditation practice (Raja Yoga) reduces systolic and mean arterial blood pressures and it also enhances parasympathetic activities during relaxation Deep Breathing Test.