Nanofiltration(NF)is one of the most effective technologies in removing emerging contaminants including PPCPs and EDCs.Rejection mechanisms,i.e.,size exclusion,electrostatic repulsion,and adsorption,and prediction model for NF membrane is required to develop for optimization of NF membrane in water supply system.However,only few research has been effectively and efficiently studied the rejection and mechanisms of NF membrane.Therefore,the objectives of this study were(1)to examine the rejection of targeted PPCPs by clean and fouled NF membranes in the presence of organic and inorganic foulants,(2)to characterize the membrane exposal to organic foulants and divalent cations,(3)to identify the effects of membrane properties on the rejection of target compounds,(4)to identify the rejection mechanism of targeted PPCPs by clean and fouled membranes,and(5)to develop the rejection model of targeted PPCPs by clean membrane.