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卵丘细胞与卵母细胞共处于同一个卵泡液微环境中,卵丘细胞与卵母细胞之间复杂的“对话机制”调控着卵母细胞的成熟和卵丘细胞的增殖延伸。在窦卵泡阶段,卵丘细胞由颗粒细胞分化而来,通过缝隙连接与卵母细胞共同形成一个结构和功能上的合胞体。卵泡发育不同时期,卵丘细胞对卵母细胞的代谢调控主要表现为:在窦卵泡期,卵丘细胞为卵母细胞发育提供必需的营养,而卵母细胞分泌的信号因子亦调控着卵丘细胞的增殖和延伸;在排卵前卵泡中,卵丘细胞主要通过调控卵母细胞中cAMP水平,促使卵母细胞恢复减数分裂;在排卵后卵泡中,卵丘细胞亦影响着精-卵结合及胚胎发育的过程。另外,伴随卵泡内微环境的变化,卵丘细胞与卵母细胞间发生着复杂的信号传递,从而对卵母细胞的发育实现分子水平的调控,其中部分基因可能作为卵母细胞发育成熟、胚胎发育及妊娠结局的分子标志物。
The cumulus cells and oocytes are co-located in the same follicular fluid microenvironment, and the complicated “dialogue mechanism” between cumulus cells and oocytes regulates oocyte maturation and cumulus cell proliferation extension. During the antral follicular phase, cumulus cells differentiate from granulosa cells and form a structural and functional syncytia with the oocyte via gap junctions. At different stages of follicular development, the metabolic regulation of cumulus cells on oocytes is mainly manifested as follows: during the period of antral follicles, cumulus cells provide the necessary nutrition for the development of oocytes, and the signal factors secreted by oocytes also regulate the ovum Cell proliferation and extension; in pre-ovulatory follicles, cumulus cells mainly through the regulation of cAMP levels in oocytes, prompting oocyte recovery meiosis; in ovulatory follicles, the cumulus cells also affect the fine-egg binding And the process of embryonic development. In addition, with the changes of the follicular microenvironment, the cumulus cells and oocytes have a complex signal transmission, and thus the development of oocytes to achieve molecular level regulation, some of which may be as mature oocytes, embryos Development and pregnancy outcome of molecular markers.