Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is an increasingly recognized clinical entity without explicit treatment scheme.Moxifloxacin has the characteristics of intrinsic activity against the majority of bacteria of fecal origin,and poor/absent interference with the vaginal microbiota,indicating that it may be an appropriate option in dealing with AV.In clinical practice,some patients of AV proved to be efficient with treatment of moxifloxacin,but not totally cured.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proper duration of oral moxifloxacin for AV.102 women,seen in the general gynecological outpatient of the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between December 2011 to October 2013,who met the diagnosis of AV,were included in this study.Each of the women was treated with oral moxifloxacin,400 mg once daily for 6 days.At the end of 6 days course of therapy,those who were microbiologically improved received a second course of therapy.Both 6-day course and 12-day course women were asked to reexamine at test-of-cure (TOC) visit (3-7 days after the end of treatment) and follow-up visit (35± 5 days after the end of treatment).Treatment efficacy was assessed on the basis of microbiological and clinical evaluation.In women with severe AV,microbiological as well as clinical cure rates were higher in the 12-day group compared to those in the 6-day group at TOC and follow-up visits.For the primary measure of efficacy (microbiological cure rate at TOC in the PP population),in women with light and moderate AV,a total of 46/47 women (97.9%) in the 6-day group achieved microbiological cure and 13/14 (92.9%) in the 12-day group.In women with severe AV,microbiological cure was observed in 87.5% (14/16) of women in the 6-day group versus 100.0% (11/11) of women in the 12-day group.Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association of microbiological cure with potential confounders,including marital status,severity of AV and course of therapy.None of these variables were significantly associated with microbiological cure.Adverse events were mild in intensity and associated with complete recovery by the end of the follow-up period.