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Objective to evaluate the biocompatibility and shrinkage ofpolypropylene mesh implanted in a non-infected rabbit model after 30 days,90 days and 180 days,respectively.Method 10 pieces of polypropylene meshes sized 10mm×40mm were implanted on subcutaneous tissue of 6 New Zealand white rabbits respectively.Mesh-tissues and subcutaneous tissue-muscle were explanted after 30 days,90 days and 180 days (2 rabbits per group).Shrinkage of all samples were recorded and all samples were evaluated for inflammatory response and fiber capsule formation by light microscopy.Each of these two categories was graded on a scale of Ⅰ-Ⅳ according to GB/T16886.6-1997.All samples were also evaluated for integration by scanning electron microscope.All measurement data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance with P<0.05 as significant.Results There were no signs of infection,erosion and exposure observed on the surgical site in all the rabbits.Shrinkage of the meshes in group A,group B and group C was 4.5%±1.4%,5.0%±2.0%,6.7%±2.2%,respectively.The mesh shrank to a greater extent with time,while group C shrank greatest,with significant difference comparing to group A and B.There was no statistically significant difference between group A and B.Pathological study showed that both inflammation and fiber capsule formation were class Ⅱ in group A and < class Ⅰ in Group B,Group C and Group D.There were no obvious esophylic and atrophic changes in the muscular tissue in all the groups.Ultra-structural study showed that connective tissue was well integrated into the mesh and fiber capsule was becoming thinner with time.No fracture occurred in the mesh fiber.Conclusion Polypropylene mesh shrank to a greater extent with time and presented excellent biocompatibility in the rabbit model.