The purpose of this work was to investigate the blood toxicity of different dosages of endosulfan in Wistar rats.The experiment was composed of four groups: the control group did not receive any endosulfan, the endosulfan exposed group received 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day of endosulfan for 21 days, respectively.The results showed that endosulfan significantly decreased the prothrombin time (PT), while activated coagulation factors Ⅶa, Ⅹ a, Ⅹ Ⅲa, thrombin antithrombin complexes (TAT) and P-selectin were up-regulated in endosulfan groups.The levels of tissue factor (TF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma also increased in endosulfan groups.While the activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT) and activated coagulation factors Ⅸa had no obviously changes in all groups.Simultaneously, the immunohistochemistry stain showed augmented positive expression of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and inflammatory factor IL-1β in endosulfan exposure groups.The results observed from pathology and electron microscope showed the impaired of vascular tissue accompanied with exfoliation of endothelial cell and mitochondrial damage in endosulfan exposed group.In summary, our results suggested that endosulfan could lead to releasing of TF and vWF into blood by damaging endothelial cell via oxidative stress and inflammatory response.In addition, the TF and vWF in blood could activate extrinsic coagulation factors and platelet, which triggered extrinsic coagulation pathway, but there had no obvious effect on intrinsic coagulation pathway.