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OBJECTIVE The dried fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa (sweet) Nakai (CS) has long been used relieve rheumatoid arthritis in humans in Traditional Chinese Medicine, but the precise mechanism underlying its efficacy is still unclear.In the present study, we investigated the direct effects of the ethanol extract of CS (CSE) on mast cell mediated inflammation using cultured mast cells and an animal model.METHODS Dinitrophenyl (DNP)-IgE-sensitized rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) were treated with CSE.Cells were stimulated by DNP-BSA to induce degranulation and released β-hexosaminedase was determined colorimetrically to measure the degree of degranulation.Adjuvant arthritis (AA) induced by Freunds complete adjuvant(FCA) in wistar rats were administrated orally with 100 mg·kg-1 CSE for 13 d.RESULTS CSE significantly inhibited the antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and BMMC cells at 0.01-0.32 mg· ml-1 for 1 h-treatment.CSE also suppressed intracellular calcium mobilization.CSE significantly suppressed the antigen-induced up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-4 cytokines by RBL-2H3 mast cells.Paw swelling in FCA-treated rat were signi? cantly suppressed by oral administration of CSE.CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that CSE have anti-inflammatory effects in vivo by suppressing the activation of mast cells.