Diabetic erectile dysfunction is associated with penile dorsal nerve bundle neuropathy in the corpus cavernosum and the mechanism is not well understood.We investigated the neuropathy changes in the corpus cavernosum of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the effects of Ⅰcariside Ⅱ (ICA Ⅱ) on improving neuropathy.Thirty-six 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into normal control, diabetic groups and ICA-Ⅱ treated groups.Diabetes was induced by a one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg).Three days later, the diabetic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups including a saline treated placebo group and an ICA Ⅱ-treated group (5 mg/kg/d).