Some of the toxic effects of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain have been attributed to oligomeric forms of Aβ.These species contain conformational epitopes that are dependent on the presence of oligomeric structures, are shared by amyloid aggregates formed by a variety of amyloidogenic peptides, and can be targeted by immune polypeptides.Recent work has also demonstrated that normal, healthy people make antibodies that can inhibit Aβ fibrillogenesis and bind amyloid aggregates in vivo.We have been exploring how the human immunoglobulin repertoire can be captured and used as novel immune diagnostics and therapeutics for AD.To this end, we have used an optimized human antibody cloning method to clone native human antibodies specific for multimeric Aβ and other amyloid proteins.