Rapid development of nanotechnology has stimulated considerable interest in their applications in life sciences.In particular, several unique features of nanoparticles appeared very attractive for their implementation as diagnostic and therapeutic complexes.An important attribute of the nanoparticles is the ability to bind various molecules ensuring biological activity of the particles;among these molecules are toxic and/or visualizing modules, as well as targeting agents for addressed delivery.The recent results on bioimaging applications of barnase-barstar platform with important types of the nanoparticles, including quantum dots, luminescent nanodiamonds, colloidal gold, magnetic and luminescent upconversion nanoparticles are reviewed.