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Objective Water balance between cells and extracellular compartments is essential for proper functioning of the central nervous system.A growing body of evidence suggests that water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a potential molecular target for the regulation astrocytes function.The present study aimed to investigate the expression of aquaporin-4 in astrocytes and its relationship to memory impairment after ligated bilateral common carotid arteries in rats.Methods One hundreds and eight Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (Weighing 200-250 g) randomly divided into the control group and the experiment group.And then the rats were subdivided into 9 groups (6 rats for each) at an interval of 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 2 d, 3 d, 1 w, 2 w, 1 m and 2 m respectively.Immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescence techniques, confocal laser scanning microscopy and morphologic parameters measurement were used to assess AQP4 protein changes.Results The AQP4 selectively expressed in the cell membrane of astrocytes and its foot processes adjacent to endothelial cells.The mean fluorescence intensity of AQP4 in the experiment group significantly increased after 6 h and had its peak at 2 d.Those return to normal after 1 week, and decrease after 1 month.The number of coexist AQP4 and GFAP is decreased after lmonth.Conclusion This study indicates that AQP4 in astrocytes may play a role in the formation of memory impairment after ligated bilateral common carotid arteries in rats.