China is an increasingly important diamond market and as such will inevitably be seen as a potential market for synthetics and treated diamonds.One important contribution of the research carried out by De Beers was the production of the Diamond Verification Instruments: DiamondSure,DiamondView and DiamondPLus.DiamondSure can be used to screen out diamonds that could potentially be synthetics and DiamondView allows imaging of the fluorescence patterns associated with growth and therefore provides unambiguous identification of synthetics.Examples of typical features of various synthetics are given.The technical uses of single crystal diamond are currently expanding and the demands of these technologies for higher crystal qualities and larger sizes have helped drive the development of synthesis methods and these advances have enabled the production of material that could potentially be manufactured into polished gemstones.Whilst there have been significant developments both in the synthesis methods themselves and in post-growth treatments,detection capability has kept pace with these developments and continues to provide reliable identification.Accurate testing supporting full disclosure will ensure that consumers will be properly informed about their diamond purchases and will maintain the integrity of brands such as Forevermark into the future.