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TRIM5α,encoded by TRIM5 gene belonging to TRIM superfamily,is the most appealing star in resisting retrovirus infections in Macaques.Owing its largest shape in macaques close to human,Macaca thibetana shows high potentials in biomedical researches.Here,the full sequence of TRIM5 gene was cloned from M.thibetana.In addition,the expression difference of TRIM5 in 11 tissues of M.thibetana and the variation of several TRIM5 SNPs in M.thibetana population were also investigated.Our results showed that full length of TRIM5 gene was 3006bp including 1488bp of coding sequence(CDS)which encoded 495 AA.Compared to rhesus macaque and crab-eating macaque,two nonsynonymous mutations E/D236,P/Q341 and a 6bp base deletion were detected in CDS.TRIM5α expressed in all 11 tissues with relative high levels in spleen,live,kidney and testis (0.635±0.045~0.995±0.085),low levels in brain and cerebellum (0.170±0.040~0.300±0.020),and middle levels (0.430±0~0.495±0.005) in other tissues.We also examined the TRIMCyp genotype in unrelated 12 individuals of M.thibetana and did not detect this genotype in this population.The frequency of TRIM5 mutations was investigated to survey the population-wide genetic diversity of TRIM5.The results indicated that E/D236,P/Q341 and a 6bp base deletion absolutely fixed in M.thibetana population compared to rhesus macaque and crab-eating macaque populations with very low frequencies of these mutations in previous reports.It seems that the two SNPs in the exons show interests to explore influence on TRIM5 gene in different kinds of Macaques.